Probate is the legal process of administering the estate of a deceased person, which involves validating their will (if one exists), paying debts, and distributing assets to beneficiaries. It occurs after someone passes away and typically involves court oversight.

Assets that typically go through probate include solely-owned real estate, bank accounts, and personal property. Assets that bypass probate include assets held in trust, jointly-owned property with rights of survivorship, and assets with designated beneficiaries, such as life insurance policies and retirement accounts.

Not necessarily. Whether an estate requires probate depends on various factors, including the value of the assets, how they are titled, and state laws. Small estates with limited assets may qualify for simplified probate procedures or may even be exempt from probate altogether.

The executor (also known as a personal representative) is responsible for managing the deceased person's estate during the probate process. Their duties include gathering assets, paying debts and taxes, notifying beneficiaries, and distributing assets according to the will or state law.

There are several strategies to avoid probate, including creating a revocable living trust, jointly titling property with rights of survivorship, designating beneficiaries for assets like life insurance and retirement accounts, and making lifetime gifts. Consulting with an estate planning attorney can help determine the best approach based on individual circumstances.